"O papel dos pais no desenvolvimento musical dos filhos"

revisão de um modelo teórico à luz da pesquisa atual em psicologia da música

Abstract

Research Question/Problem

When discussing the role that parents can play in the musical development of their children, McPherson (2009) proposed a model of parent-child interactions that includes parenting goals, styles, and practices, as well as outcomes and mediators related to the children's characteristics and their social context. After almost two decades since McPherson's work (2009) was formulated, and after the advances in music psychology research that occurred during this period, what scientific evidence supports or suggests reformulations to the model proposed by that author?

Objectives

To investigate scientific evidence that supports or suggests reformulations to the model of parent-child interactions proposed by McPherson (2009).

Method

This work was carried out through a scoping review. The bibliographic sources were searched in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Only articles published in journals between 2009 (the year of publication of McPherson's theoretical model) and 2026 were included in the search, which addressed parent-child relationships related to music, and which contained in their title, abstract or keywords the following terms, organized according to the following Boolean operators: parent* OR mother* OR father* AND styl* OR approach* OR characterist* OR climat* OR practic* OR behaviour* OR attitud* OR involv* OR role* OR goal* OR aim* OR objective* OR belie* OR valu* AND music*.

Results

Collected data were organized into two categories: 1) origins of the relationships parents establish with their children regarding music; 2) outcomes of the relationships parents establish with their children regarding music. Studies within the first category found evidence that parental culture, socioeconomic status, cultural capital, personal beliefs and motivations, and individual child factors such as age and gender influence the musical relationships parents establish with their children. Regarding the second category, it was found that children's musical taste is influenced by their parents' musical taste, that parents' personal expectations, support, and motivations can influence their children's musical performance, their intentions to continue studying music, their motivation for musical learning, their performance anxiety, and their perfectionism related to music. It was also observed that culture influences how children receive parental support and their relationship with music, and that parental genetics (personality) influences their children's musical involvement.

Conclusions

The scientific evidence found largely aligns with the theoretical model proposed by McPherson (2009), but simultaneously expands the role of culture and social influences (such as socioeconomic status and cultural capital) in parent-child relationships, and points to the existence of individual and even innate aspects, not mentioned in the initial model, that influence family relationships regarding music.